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Over the past five years, the EU has undeniably made it possible to chart a clear course, which is essential for manufacturers and investors. It has made it possible to accelerate the deployment of climatech, in particular in the electricity production sector thanks to a spectacular increase in investments in solar photovoltaic and wind power. But while the EU has been able to encourage innovation, it has not succeeded in the transition to industrial production. Europe is extremely dependent on imported products, especially from China.
Proposed by the Commission in March 2023 and finally adopted at the end of May 2024, the NZIA Regulation (for Net Zero Industry Act), aimed to give Europe an industrial strategy. Indeed, it sets a main objective: that by 2030, at least 40% of the annual needs for the deployment of strategic “net zero” technology equipment should be manufactured in the EU. However, it is the Member States that will finally be able to determine which technologies they consider strategic. Despite the NZIA, we can therefore fear that 27 national industrial policies will continue, which are less able to assert the place of Europe and European industry compared to the United States or China.